In a murine model, the transition from low- to high-grade glioma was associated with decreasing CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and both high- and low-grade glioma had increased protein expression of MIF and CD74 compared to nontumorous regions.29 Low-grade glioma macrophages had higher levels of CD74 protein expression, while high-grade glioma had increased cell surface expression of immunosuppressive galactin-3 and CD9. Here, MIF is linked to central nervous system cancer.