In models of infectious diseases such as gram-negative endotoxemia or leishmaniasis, MIF functions as an inflammatory cytokine that promotes leukocyte activity.13,81,82 In medulloblastoma, MIF secreted by tumor cells did not directly promote T lymphocyte migration to the TME.69 However, MIF caused endothelial cells to secrete regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES) to attract T lymphocytes. This evidence concerns the gene MIF and leishmaniasis.