MIF and glioblastoma: MIF also leads to impaired dendritic cell maturation and function, limiting immune surveillance in the glioblastoma TME.87 However, MIF retains some of its chemoattractive properties and promotes the recruitment of mast cells, which decrease glioblastoma cell proliferation by inhibiting STAT3.88,89 Greater mast cell levels have been associated with longer overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.90 It is likely that each immune cell type has a distinct role in the glioblastoma TME, which may be different in other primary CNS tumors.