BDNF and Alzheimer disease: Exercise has been found to play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of AD through muscle-derived myokines, such as BDNF, Irisin, Cathepsin B, clusterin (CLU), and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1), which have been extensively reported to improve AD symptoms through various pathways (Ying et al., 2008; Horowitz et al., 2020; de Miguel et al., 2021; Chen K. et al., 2022).