VEGFA and freckles: Other studies have reported a positive association of IL-6 with VEGF which leads to abnormal angiogenesis, mostly related to various malignancies.46 Given the fact that UV radiation induces the release of several melanogenic factors from fibroblast, including IL-6, the angiogenic component of melasma may be a defective vascular network, which perhaps can be prevented by interrupting the IL-6 pathway.