Although the role of NCAM in intestinal fibrosis is not as clearly defined, studies have shown that in renal fibrosis, the interaction between NCAM and FGFR1, as induced by TGF-β1, is crucial for facilitating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Životić et al., 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.