Numerous studies have demonstrated that CM and natural medicine can directly or indirectly enhance innate immune system components (including macrophages, natural killer cells, and myeloid suppressor cells), adaptive immune system elements (such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells), relevant cytokines (e.g., IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, TNF‐α), and PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis regulation, thereby bolstering the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumor cells. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.