After searching databases including Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, and PubMed from 2013 to 2024 using terms like “lipid droplets”, “lipid droplet-associated proteins”, “fatty liver disease”, “diabetes”, “diabetic kidney disease”, “obesity”, “atherosclerosis”, “hyperlipidemia”, “natural drug monomers” and “natural compounds”, we identified the most common natural compounds in about 954 articles. Here, PLIN1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.