Pathway analysis of differentially expressed (DE) genes between ROIs in islet areas from COVID-19 and control samples highlighted viral-infection-associated pathways, such as viral mRNA translation, influenza infection, interferon (IFN) α/β signaling pathways, and stress-associated pathways, such as cellular response to stress or external stimuli pathways, and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) cascade pathway (Figure 1E). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and viral infectious disease.