Given that B lineage cells, CD4_C8_CXCR5 and CD8_C8_CXCL13 T cells, and CXCL13+ CAFs were the essential components of TLSs in NPC, we also observed strong pairwise correlations of cell proportions among these clusters in the three NPC cohorts (Supplementary Fig. 14e). The gene discussed is CXCL13; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.