Meanwhile, ST analyses corroborated conspicuous aggregations of B lineage cells (Naïve B, Memory B, GC B, and plasma cells), CD4_C8_CXCR5 and CD8_C8_CXCL13 T cells, and CXCL13+ CAFs (iCAF_C2_CXCL13) in the TLS regions of NPC tumours across Stereo-seq and Visium cohorts (Fig. 1d, e). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.