PDCD1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: To explore the potential role of antibodies generated by plasma cells in immunotherapy, we compared the above characteristics of antibody and plasma cells between responders and non-responders from the ST cohorts of 12 NPC patients (Visium cohort) with additional anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy (toripalimab plus chemotherapy; Supplementary Data 1).