Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics studies reveal specific cell populations of TLS in tumours, such as CXCL13+ T-helper cells in ovarian cancer7, SEMA4A+ germinal centre (GC) B cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma8, and CXCL12+ fibroblasts in renal cell cancer9. Here, CXCL13 is linked to neoplasm.