TRAF3 and malaria: HCQ, an anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis, could potentially be a dual antiresorptive and anabolic agent by preventing the lysosomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), an adaptor protein that transduces intracellular signaling of cytokines, including RANKL,27,28 TNFα,27,28 CD40L29 and TGFβ30.