TRAF3 and osteoporosis: One of the major mechanisms for the dual antiresorptive and anabolic effects of HABP-HCQ in preventing and treating osteoporosis (Figs. 4 and 5) is to stabilize TRAF3, which limits OC formation and maintains OB differentiation.28,30,31 HABP-HCQ works similarly to HCQ to stabilize TRAF3 in both myeloid cells and MPCs, and thus it inhibits OC formation and stimulates OB differentiation, respectively, in vitro (Fig. 2a, b).