However, as discussed in detail below, since the combined use of anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGF resulted in an increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells and GzmB+ cells—which are generally responsible for cytotoxicity against tumor cells—compared to control, IHC analysis suggested that the potential for anti-tumor activity was increased in both ventricular and parenchymal tumor lesions. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.