In studies using subcutaneously transplanted tumors, it has been shown that the combined blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 axis and VEGF induces an increase in the infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells into the tumor either through an increase in the expression of T cell migration factor CXCR3 ligands within the tumor, or through an increase or decrease in the expression of adhesion molecules or FasL, respectively, on vascular endothelial cells in tumor, thereby enhancing anti-tumor effects [38] [41] [42]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.