However the literature is inconsistent on association between vitamin D levels and adiponectin, for example, a small German study reported a positive association between 25(OH)D and adiponectin concentrations in children with obesity [52], whereas, two RCTs in adolescents with overweight and/or obesity did not find significant effects of vitamin D supplementation on adiponectin [53, 54]. Here, ADIPOQ is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.