NPPB and hydrops fetalis: In the STOP-HF RCT, intensification of cardiovascular risk management in patients with BNP levels >50 pg/ml had a significant beneficial effect in that it decreased the risk for developing HF, and also major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and emergency cardiovascular hospital admissions within 1–3 years.20,21 These studies underscore the importance of NP measurements and adhering to clinical HF guidelines with referral of patients with NP levels above the exclusionary cut-point for open-access echocardiography or to a cardiologist to confirm or refute HF.4,5