ARAF and colorectal carcinoma: Moreover, a higher abundance of pks+Escherichia coli has been detected in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, highlighting that colibactin overexpression could play a critical role in tumor development and invasiveness.49,172,187 Although previous studies have provided deep insights into the biosynthesis and activity of colibactin, further investigations are needed to clarify the genotoxic potential of bacterial strains producing this metabolite.