IL1B and multiple sclerosis: Mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs currently used to treat pain and inflammation in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.43 Dimethyl fumarate is a drug used to treat multiple sclerosis.44,45 All three drugs have previously been shown to also inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome.31,42 None of the drugs prevented GR toxicity; however, all three treatments inhibited GR-induced inflammasome activation, as measured by IL-1β ELISA and western blotting of the culture media (Fig. 3D-F; uncropped blot image in Supplemental Fig. 2B).