Contrastingly, no changes were observed between groups in other platelet-related parameters including MPV, which is considered as an indicator of platelet size and function for predicting COPD complications (17), P-selectin/CD62P expression, circulating sP-selectin levels, PF-4/CXCL4 or RANTES/CCL5. This evidence concerns the gene PF4 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.