Recently, several studies have examined targeting of the immune checkpoint NKG2A through either combined with a tumor-targeting antibody or with a tumor-specific vaccine, and demonstrated that blocking the interaction of NKG2A on both NK cells and CD8+ T cells and HLA-E in the tumor cells is effective in defensing tumor (6) through enhancing effective functions of both NK and CD8+ T cells in mice and humans (7–12). The gene discussed is HLA-E; the disease is neoplasm.