The distinction between SCLC and NSCLC is a key parameter in the therapeutic management of lung cancer, selecting chemotherapy regimens in NSCLC patients lacking targetable EGFR and BRAF mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, and PD-L1 overexpression (Galli and Rossi, 2021). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.