In response to exercise, BDNF/TrkB signalingincreases the expression of PGC-1α and other cardiac metabolictranscription regulators, thus protecting against the progression of HF [50].Zhang et al. [51] demonstrated that exercise training in MI-induced HFmice upregulated BDNF, p-TrkB, p-AMPK and PGC-1α levels, and preventedcardiac dysfunction. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and hydrops fetalis.