IL6 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: In our analysis, IL-6 andIL-10 were identified through machine learning approaches as key cytokines inprofiling the inflammatory status of CS patients undergoing VA-ECMO, revealingdistinct cytokine expression patterns across identified phenotypes.Recent evidence, such as the study by Supady et al.[40], elucidates that the efficacy of cytokine adsorption in patients with severeCOVID-19 pneumonia necessitating ECMO support may not significantly altersurvival outcomes.