CDK5 and cancer: Several pathways identified through this ToxCast-Reactome framework are supported by epidemiology or laboratory studies that signal mechanisms contributing to (i) hepatotoxicity via the dysregulation of lipid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), (ii) immunotoxicity via the Fc epsilon receptor and interleukins (ILs) signalling pathways, and (iii) disease via the PI3K/AKT signalling in cancer and CDK5 triggered neurodegeneration (see references within Massarsky et al., 2022).