can produce inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in response to LPS from Gram-negative bacteria, leading to chronic inflammation that is associated with invasive and aggressive tumor phenotypes, and epithelial tumor migration (Sun et al., 2020; Tuominen and Rautava, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.