HP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Other studies have identified several candidate protein biomarkers for HCC diagnosis or prognosis in EVs either within limited cohorts or solely validated using bioinformatics methods [114], including, haptoglobin (HP), transthyretin (TTR) [115], kinesin family member 2 C (KIF2C), targeting protein for xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) [116], LAPTM4B-35 [117], two isoforms MRP3A and MRP3B of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 3 (ABCC3) [118], vWF together with other nine candidate proteins [119].