One EVs-loaded protein nidogen 1 (NID1) can enhance the permeability of pulmonary endothelial cells, promote angiogenesis, and increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), to facilitate the formation of a pre-metastatic niche in the lung, thereby promoting lung metastasis of HCC [94]. Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.