KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: Additionally, prostate cancer’s variable disease progression results in a significant portion of patients detected with and treated for prostate cancer through PSA screening who are likely to die of a different cause before the presence of any clinical manifestations of PCa [21] and can include invasive prostate biopsies and cause side effects, including erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, bowel dysfunction, and death in severe cases [22].