Patients with H-CSC marker expression also showed an increased CIR of 30% (95% CI: 14.7–49.4) for H-AF, 36.8% (95% CI: 16.3–61.6) for H-EpCAM, and 30% (95% CI, 11.9–54.3) for H-EpCAM/AF. The gene discussed is EPCAM; the disease is atrial fibrillation.