In addition to AF, we also included the markers CD90, CD133, SSEA1, and SSEA4 (17, 18), known CSC markers, as well as EpCAM (CD326), which is a marker of epithelial cells and overexpressed in CSCs for many tumor types (19, 20), including colorectal cancer (21–24). Here, THY1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.