BCL2L1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: While IL‐3 elicits inflammation and induces neuronal degeneration in AD, MS, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,[11, 21] astrocytic IL‐3 may activate microglia to engulf aggregates of Aβ and tau.[8, 22] Furthermore, IL‐3 protects DA neurons against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐mediated neurotoxicity by diminishing pro‐inflammatory response and increasing the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL.[23, 24] In this study, we showed that IL‐3 promotes the phagocytosis of microglia and autophagy of DA neurons to clear intracellular pathological α‐synuclein and shield against DA neuron death.