While IL‐3 elicits inflammation and induces neuronal degeneration in AD, MS, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,[11, 21] astrocytic IL‐3 may activate microglia to engulf aggregates of Aβ and tau.[8, 22] Furthermore, IL‐3 protects DA neurons against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐mediated neurotoxicity by diminishing pro‐inflammatory response and increasing the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL.[23, 24] In this study, we showed that IL‐3 promotes the phagocytosis of microglia and autophagy of DA neurons to clear intracellular pathological α‐synuclein and shield against DA neuron death. Here, MAPT is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.