PIK3CA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Additionally, curcumin can inhibit tumor interstitial cell death by inhibiting the IL-6/ERK/NF-κB pathway to inhibit tumor mesenchymal crosstalk and pancreatic cancer metastasis and also inhibit HCC as well as improve drug resistance (Li et al., 2020); curcumin inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis through Bclaf1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signalling (Zhao et al., 2022); curcumin inhibits PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation and triggered apoptosis in HCC mitochondria (Bai et al., 2022).