INS and cancer: Most were relevant to cancer-related processes (Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway), while others were associated with immune system regulation, inflammatory processes (such as T- and B-cell receptor signaling, JAK–STAT signaling pathway, apoptosis, or Fc receptor-mediated signaling), endocrine process (insulin signaling and oocyte maturation/meiosis), and neurological pathways (neurotrophin and TGF beta signaling pathway, Wnt and mTOR).