Treatment of MDBK and bovine white blood cells with IFN-α, as well as infection with bovine herpes virus 1, and bovine rotavirus upregulated Mx1 gene expression whereas, infection of bovine endometrial cells with ncp BVDV (Pe515nc strain) reduced/inhibited Mx1 and Mx2 gene expression (68, 69). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.