Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is the most severe form of microlissencephaly and is associated with several cognitive impairments.104 MDS arises from deletions within the 17p13.3 locus, which encodes the LIS1 and YWHAE genes, two members of a multi-protein complex crucial for the regulation of microtubule dynamics, centrosomal protein localization and proliferation of RGCs.99,105,106 The generation of cerebral organoids using iPSCs derived from MDS patients has allowed the identification of several neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The gene discussed is PAFAH1B1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.