Furthermore, following adjustment for frequency of alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), cholelithiasis (gallstones) and C-reactive protein levels, multivariable MR analysis showed that there was no direct effects of glucocorticoid use either on the risk of AP (OR = 1.074, 95% CI = 0.948-1.216, P = 0.263, Figure 6; Supplementary Table 3) or risk of CP (OR =1.176, 95% CI =0.962-1.438, P =0.114; Figure 6, Supplementary Table 3). Here, CRP is linked to gallstones.