(181)employed lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticles and liposome protamine hyaluronic acid nanoparticles to modulate TGF-β signal transduction, resulting in a roughly 50% downregulation of TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and an increase in NK cell infiltration in a melanoma model. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.