YWHAQ and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, significant upregulation of 14-3-3ζ has been observed in the frontal and temporal cortices of AD patients (Qureshi et al., 2013), while other studies have reported that the average levels of all 14-3-3 isoforms in the prefrontal cortex of AD patients are lower than those in controls, with no significant difference in the expression level of 14-3-3ζ (Gu et al., 2020).