KDR and Alzheimer disease: Lastly, the critical role VEGFRs play in blood vessel regulation may implicate them in vascular features in diseases such as AD: increased BBB permeability is a common finding in AD brains and has been shown to be predictive of later cognitive decline (Govindpani et al., 2019), suggesting that VEGFR manipulation may serve as a therapeutic medium for alleviated blood vessel-associated damage in AD.