GFAP and Alzheimer disease: Such evidence suggests that blood-based markers are promising, many plasma markers have been developed in the past decade, such as AD core pathological features (Aβ, tau), glial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein, Chitinase-3-like protein 1), neurodegeneration (neurofilament light, Micro RNAs), lipid metabolism (heart-type fatty acid binding protein, phosphocholine phosphatase 1), inflammation/chemotaxis (CCL15, CX3CL1, CSF-1, CXCL9, CCL23 and IL-8), etc (Chatterjee et al., 2023).