For example, a study developed a spherical nucleic acid (SNA) based on a PD-L1 aptamer, which consists of OXA encapsulated in a core of metal–organic framework nanoparticles and a dense shell of aptPD-L1 (denoted M@O-A), where M@O-A can specifically target and block tumor cells with high expression of PD-L1, and which, in the presence of light conditions, ROS and OXA, triggering ICD and augmenting immune therapies while attenuating immune-related adverse events (irAE).181. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.