Our dataset is also limited by the relatively small sample size; as such, detailed assessments stratified by individual cancer types were not able to be conducted, though our results may suggest applicability across tumor types, especially since similar results (i.e. better prognosis with lower TMB) have been reported in solid tumors.11 Another limitation of the current work is that PD-L1 expression was examined in tumor cells; further studies should also interrogate the microenvironment. Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.