TNF and schizophrenia: (66) confirmed MECT as one of the risk factors for HAP in patients through a study, noting that the incidence of HAP among MECT patients was 6.52%, suggesting that MECT treatment may have induced an acute immune-inflammatory response including elevated plasma cortisol and IL-1β or IL-6 levels while improving schizophrenia behaviors and that long-term treatment reduced blood TNF-α and IL-6 levels, leading to decreased immunity and increased patient susceptibility.