MMP1 and tuberculosis: We have previously reported that plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 (neutrophil collagenase), and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), a matrix degradation product released during collagen turnover, are elevated in patients with active TB compared to patients without TB, highlighting collagen turnover as a feature of TB disease, in both HIV-positive and -negative cohorts [4, 5].