PDCD1 and kidney cancer: For example, CD28+Tim-3- PD-1+ stem-like CD8 + T cells isolated from kidney cancer patients, which contain TCF1+ cells, exhibited improved proliferation and differentiated into Tim-3+PD-1+ cells upon ex vivo anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation, while the sorted Tim-3+PD-1+ CD8 + T cells showed limited proliferation40.