Similarly, in non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, TCF1+ stem-like CD8 + T cells are most likely located in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), which are organized aggregates of immune cells that form within nonlymphoid tissues, not in the tumor parenchyma21,36. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.