The results showed the anesthesia/surgery increased the number of c‐Fos+ cells in glutamatergic neurons in both the A/S group and the T2DM + A/S group, but the number of c‐Fos+ cells in glutamatergic neurons in T2DM + A/S group was dramatically higher than that in A/S group (Figure 3A,C). The gene discussed is FOS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.