Participants were at high risk for CKD progression (Extended Data Fig. 2) with either reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (30.1% with eGFR < 45 and 26% with eGFR 45–60 ml min−1 1.73 m−2) and/or albuminuria (30.8% with ‘A2’ urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30–299 mg g−1 and 49.2% with ‘A3’ UACR ≥ 300 mg g−1). Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.