MINDY1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To investigate the mechanism by which MINDY1 mediates immune escape in liver cancer through the regulation of PD-L1 ubiquitination, we examined the expression levels of MINDY1 and PD-L1 in liver cancer and adjacent tissues from 50 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using protein imprinting and immunohistochemistry.