NFKB1 and HIV infectious disease: This inhibited the transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to the NF-kB pathway in the kidney, such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, and TLR-2. MS417 also inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, such as NF-kB-targeted BCL2, FAS, and TRAF1, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerular and tubular injury caused by HIV infection [256].