The co-localization of NMB and NMBR on the membrane of Schwann cells was then examined, and it was observed in RSC96 cells in vitro, PNI model in vivo, and human PNI tissues (Fig. 4d–f), and NMB and NMBR accumulated and co-localized in the cell contact area of NMB+ Pan-CK+ tumor cells and NMBR+GFAP+ Schwann cells in both mouse PNI model and human PNI tissues (Fig. 4e, f). Here, GFAP is linked to neoplasm.