TNF and ulcerative colitis: Using intestinal biopsiesfrom ulcerative colitis patients and healthy controls, Magnusson etal.62 demonstrated a reduction in TNFαand IL10 in inflamed but not healthy tissue samples treated with butyrate.In an LPS-stimulated Caco-2/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)coculture model, Korsten et al.68 observeda dose-dependent reduction in TNFα, IL10, and IL1β inthe presence of butyrate.