Furthermore, because IFNγ plays a central role in host defense, anti-tumor immunity, and autoimmunity (Kwon, 2018; Pollard et al., 2013), results from our study suggest that tissue-resident fibroblasts may play a role in shaping the development of type-1 immune response in other diseases, such as infectious diseases (such as herpes simplex), cancer, and autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and autoimmune disease.