• Technology appraisals in NSCLC will become even more intricate with an increased importance for more guidance on the elaboration of indirect comparisons, as new mutations and expressions are still being identified and innovative therapies are emerging, such as treatments for the mutations or expressions BRAF, HER2, HER3, KRAS, MET, and pan-tumour molecular targets. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.