CD68 and hemophagocytic syndrome: Additionally, the immune system responses triggered by viral infection, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [43]; interferon release caused by the infiltration of leukocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and CD3+ T lymphocytes into the testicular interstitial tissue [44–46]; and increased plasma levels of cytokines [3,47] may inhibit the male reproductive system, harming semen parameters.