ALB and type 1 diabetes mellitus: After 12 years of follow-up in T1DM patients with normal renal function and urinary albumin levels, it was found that the cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3 in patients in the highest quartile of sTNFR2 was 60%, while in other patients, the incidence ranged from 5% to 19% (42).Furthermore, after adjusting for differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, several studies have identified elevated concentrations of sTNFR 1 and/or sTNFR 2 as risk factors for DKD progression.