ALB and malnutrition: This association was observed in prior studies,11,20 as hyperglycemia has been shown to impair WBC functions, leading to decreased immunity.21 On the other hand, reduced serum albumin levels are often associated with malnutrition or chronic wasting diseases.11 However, the glucose levels were not available for the included patients and the albumin level was converted into categorical variables for a better presentation of the nomogram.